Batch fermentation process refers to the process that starts with the inoculation and end with the retrieval of the product happens inside a single fermenter with no intermediate steps. It is a widely used process in industry as well as in the production of many foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. Fermentation uses microorganisms to convert raw materials to product. The processes include chemical reactions such as oxidations, reductions, polymerizations, and hydrolysis, as well as biosynthesis and the formation of cells. Some processes may require the presence of air (aerobic), others the absence of air (anaerobic). The rate of fermentation depends on the concentration of microorganisms, cells, cellular components, and enzymes as well as temperature and pH.